Maryland's Interstate highways include 110 miles (180km) of Interstate95 (I-95), which enters the northeast portion of the state, travels through Baltimore, and becomes part of the eastern section of the Capital Beltway to the Woodrow Wilson Bridge. [77] In April 2007, Maryland joined the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) a regional initiative, formed by all the Northeastern states, Washington, D.C., and three Canadian provinces, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. New Orleans, LA. The western portion of the state contains numerous stretches of the Appalachian Mountains, while the central portion is primarily composed of the Piedmont. [58], Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible.[59]. [1] The border states were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri. Blacks and immigrants, however, resisted Democratic Party disfranchisement efforts in the state. The 1860 census, held shortly before the outbreak of the civil war, showed that 49% of Maryland's African Americans were free. During World War II the Glenn Martin Company (now part of Lockheed Martin) airplane factory employed some 40,000 people. African Americans form a sizable portion of the state's population, 31.1% as of 2020. These included Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky and Missouri. [55], Maryland has no natural lakes, mostly due to the lack of glacial history in the area. St. John's College in Annapolis and Washington College in Chestertown, both private institutions, are the oldest colleges in the state and among the oldest in the country. So as calls for secession rang from the state houses of those in the South, these divided loyalties meant these border states had a divided government as . (Englishmen Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, in the mid-1760s, surveyed disputed, overlapping land grants to determine. Other private institutions include Mount St. Mary's University, McDaniel College (formerly known as Western Maryland College), Hood College, Stevenson University (formerly known as Villa Julie College), Loyola University Maryland, and Goucher College, among others. The earliest challenge to the border states' neutrality took place in Maryland on April 19, 1861. [186] No restrictions or limitations on property taxes are imposed by the state, meaning cities and counties can set tax rates at the level they deem necessary to fund governmental services. The Potomac splits into the North and South Branch at Oldtown in Allegheny County. The intermediate appellate court is known as the Appellate Court of Maryland and the state supreme court is the Supreme Court of Maryland. [147], In May 2012, Maryland's Court of Appeals ruled that the state will recognize marriages of same-sex couples who married out-of-state, no matter the outcome of the November election. Some resulted in the break-up of intact residential neighborhoods, producing social volatility, and some older residential areas around the harbor have had units renovated and have become popular with new populations. Their tobacco crops were successful and quickly made the new colony profitable. The Puritan rule lasted until 1658 when the Calvert family and Lord Baltimore regained proprietary control and re-enacted the Toleration Act. As is typical of states on the East Coast, Maryland's plant life is abundant and healthy. [198] The highest educational official in the state is the State Superintendent of Schools, who is appointed by the State Board of Education to a four-year term of office. The mid portion of the state is interrupted by Washington, D.C, which was originally part of Montgomery and Prince George's Counties Many of these are affiliated with various religious sects, including parochial schools of the Catholic Church, Quaker schools, Seventh-day Adventist schools, and Jewish schools. Across the Upper South the free black population increased from less than 1% before the war to 14% by 1810. Ports in 2008. Nearly 52% of the adult population are Protestants. Maryland is served by statewide PBS member station Maryland Public Television (MPT). Toggle navigation. Although then a slave state, Maryland remained in the Union during the American Civil War, its strategic location giving it a significant role in the conflict. In 1644, William Claiborne, a Puritan, seized Kent Island while his associate, the pro-Parliament Puritan Richard Ingle, took over St. Maryland has a large food-production sector. while densely populated Central Maryland radiating outward from Baltimore and Washington, D.C. has more in common with that of the Northeast. [citation needed]. West Virginia and Virginia border Maryland on the west. Key Facts Covering an area of 12,407 mi, the state of Maryland is located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. [69] The ponies and their sale were popularized by the children's book, Misty of Chincoteague. [30] Both used religion as a tool to gain popular support. You can view the information either alphabetically by state or by the number of bordering states. The Border States -- Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland , Missouri , and West Virginia -- comprised the Civil War's middle ground, a region of moderation lying between the warring North and South. [175] The independent Maryland Transportation Authority maintains and operates the state's eight toll facilities. [150] Judaism is the largest non-Christian religion in Maryland, with 241,000 adherents, or four percent of the total population. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (15791632), sought a charter from King Charles I for the territory between Massachusetts to the north and Virginia to the immediate south. Agriculture is oriented to dairy farming (especially in foothill and piedmont areas) for nearby large city milksheads, plus specialty perishable horticulture crops, such as cucumbers, watermelons, sweet corn, tomatoes, muskmelons, squash, and peas (Source:USDA Crop Profiles). Towson University, founded in 1866, is the state's second largest university. In addition, many suburban counties operate local bus systems which connect to and complement the larger MTA and WMATA/Metro services. Many of the free black families migrated to Delaware, where land was cheaper. Mining other than construction materials is virtually limited to coal, which is located in the mountainous western part of the state. [74], Maryland joined with neighboring states during the end of the 20th century to improve the health of the Chesapeake Bay. Maryland's Hispanic population is especially concentrated in Montgomery County and Prince George's County, with other large populations in the Baltimore area and Frederick County. [123] Most are descendants of people transported to the area as slaves from West Africa. After Baltimore died in April 1632, the charter was granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (16051675), on June 20, 1632. More settlers soon followed. Here, as the 6th Massachusetts Regiment answered Lincoln's call for troops and moved through Maryland on the way to Washington, D.C., a pro-Confederate mob gathered in Baltimore and opened fire as the troops approached. They made their first permanent settlement at St. Mary's City in what is now St. Mary's County. Maryland enjoys considerable historical repute for the talented sports players of its past, including Cal Ripken Jr. and Babe Ruth. I-70 enters from Pennsylvania north of Hancock and continues east for 93 miles (150km) to Baltimore, connecting Hagerstown and Frederick along the way. By some reckonings, Virginia was considered to have been a border state although it did eventually secede from the Union to become part of the Confederacy. But it also took on additional significance when it became the unofficial border between the . Christian Church Adherents and Jewish Population States: 2008", "2017 Greater Washington Jewish Community Demographic Study", "A better way of measuring progress in Maryland", Measuring Prosperity: Maryland's Genuine Progress Indicator | Solutions, U.S. [44] Whites did impose racial segregation in public facilities and Jim Crow laws, which effectively lasted until the passage of federal civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s. "George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert, Barons Baltimore" William Hand Browne, Nabu Press (August 1, 2010). For example, the Delmarva Peninsula is composed of the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland, the entire state of Delaware, and the two counties that make up the Eastern Shore of Virginia, whereas the westernmost counties of Maryland are considered part of Appalachia. Maryland has one of the most diverse Hispanic populations in the country, with significant populations from various Caribbean and Central American nations.[140]. So prominent is the Chesapeake in Maryland's geography and economic life that there has been periodic agitation to change the state's official nickname to the "Bay State", a nickname that has been used by Massachusetts for decades. Large numbers of residents who joined both the Union and Confederate armed forces. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania borders Maryland to the north. [26], Maryland was founded to provide a haven for England's Roman Catholic minority. Maryland's governor is unique in the United States as the office is vested with significant authority in budgeting. Garrett County, which is mountainous, is served by stations from Pittsburgh, and requires cable or satellite for reception. ), 4 (Pennsylvania Avenue/Southern Maryland Blvd./Patuxent Beach Road/St. In 2012, The Baltimore Sun published a list of Maryland's top ten athletes in the state's history. In 1996, Maryland was Clinton's sixth best; in 2000, Maryland ranked fourth for Gore; and in 2004, John Kerry showed his fifth-best performance in Maryland. As a border state during the Civil War, . [18] Nevertheless, religious strife was common in the early years, and Catholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony. Missouri. Formerly: "Maryland, My Maryland" by, Other British colonial entities in the contemporary, Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States, This page was last edited on 15 July 2023, at 09:49. States like Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and Virginia would all have been considered border states that, depending on the geographic area, had significant amounts of both sides. The law faced a referendum, as Question 6, in the November 2012 election. [71] The state is part of the territory of the Baltimore oriole, which is the official state bird and mascot of the MLB team the Baltimore Orioles. Maryland averages around 3040 days of thunderstorms a year, and averages around six tornado strikes annually.[80]. [147], A well-known newspaper in Maryland is The Baltimore Sun. More often, Maryland gets the remnants of a tropical system that has already come ashore and released most of its energy. [152] The Seventh-day Adventist Church's world headquarters and Ahmadiyya Muslims' national headquarters are located in Silver Spring, just outside Washington, D.C.. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Construction of the ICC was a major part of the campaign platform of former Governor Robert Ehrlich, who was in office from 2003 until 2007, and of Governor Martin O'Malley, who succeeded him. The Appalachian Mountains of western Maryland are home to Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. [129] The Ethiopian community of Greater D.C. was historically based in Washington, D.C.'s Adams Morgan and Shaw neighborhoods, but as the community has grown, many Ethiopians have settled in Silver Spring. As a border state, it officially remained in the Union throughout the war. Swann was the first American on record who pursued legal and political action to defend the LGBTQ community's right to assemble. Mobs burned down all the original Catholic churches of southern Maryland. [69] Every year during the last week of July, they are captured and swim across a shallow bay for sale at Chincoteague, Virginia, a conservation technique which ensures the tiny island is not overrun by the horses. Precolonial history History of Maryland By year Pre-statehood American Revolution U.S. Civil War Post-Civil War Topics: Maritime history Maryland portal v t e Demographically, both Protestants and those identifying with no religion are more numerous than Catholics. State Flag Official Website: Maryland.gov MD State Overview Situation in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. is the state of Maryland. .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}39N 77W / 39N 77W / 39; -77 (State of Maryland). 23.4 percent of students earned passing grades on the AP tests given in May 2008. Maryland's economy benefits from the state's proximity to the federal government in Washington, D.C., with an emphasis on technical and administrative tasks for the defense/aerospace industry and bio-research laboratories, as well as staffing of satellite government headquarters in the suburban or exurban Baltimore/Washington area. [78] In March 2017, Maryland became the first state with proven gas reserves to ban fracking by passing a law against it. In 2003, Maryland law was changed to allow for the creation of publicly funded charter schools, although the charter schools must be approved by their local Board of Education and are not exempt from state laws on education, including collective bargaining laws. Influenced by a changing economy, revolutionary ideals, and preaching by ministers, numerous planters in Maryland freed their slaves in the 20 years after the Revolutionary War. Other professional sports franchises in the state include three affiliated minor league baseball teams, one independent league baseball team, the Baltimore Blast indoor soccer team, two indoor football teams and three low-level outdoor soccer teams. All remained in the Union after the outbreak of the Civil . The grant defined Pennsylvania's southern border as identical to Maryland's northern border, the 40th parallel. [203] The flagship university and largest undergraduate institution in Maryland is the University of Maryland, College Park which was founded as the Maryland Agricultural College in 1856 and became a public land grant college in 1864. Maryland experienced population growth following World War II. [199] Data from the 2017 census shows that, among large school districts, four Maryland districts are in the top six for per-pupil annual spending, exceeded only by the Boston and New York City districts.[200]. Mary's. [94] The center of population of Maryland is located on the county line between Anne Arundel County and Howard County, in the unincorporated community of Jessup. I-895, also known as the Harbor Tunnel Thruway, provides an alternate route to I-95 across Baltimore Harbor. In 2002, former Governor Robert Ehrlich was the first Republican to be elected to that office in four decades, and after one term, he lost his seat to Baltimore Mayor and Democrat Martin O'Malley. There is also a large automated chicken-farming sector in the state's southeastern part; Salisbury is home to Perdue Farms. This article is about the U.S. state. [70] In 1878, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever was the first individual retriever breed recognized by the American Kennel Club. But the grant indicated that Charles II and William Penn assumed the 40th parallel would pass close to New Castle, Delaware when it falls north of Philadelphia, the site of which Penn had already selected for his colony's capital city. In 2008, for instance, McCain won 17 counties to Obama's six (plus Baltimore City). Headquartered in Baltimore, MTA's transit services are largely focused on central Maryland, as well as some portions of the Eastern Shore and Southern MD. [174] In 2014, it switched to a global budget revenue system, whereby hospitals receive a capitated payment to care for their population.[174]. The 375 km long line was surveyed from 1763 to 1767 by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon and currently serves as a demarcation line that forms a portion of the state borders of West Virginia, Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. Blacks comprised 20% of the electorate and immigrants comprised 15%, and the legislature had difficulty devising requirements against blacks that did not also disadvantage immigrants.[44]. Cumberland was Maryland's second-largest city in the 19th century. Voters upheld the bill, passing Question 6 with 52% to 48% on November 6, 2012. Buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. It has a total land area of 46,055 square miles which is about four times the size of Maryland. [47], Passenger and freight steamboat service, once important throughout Chesapeake Bay and its many tributary rivers, ended in 1962.[48]. As of March 2022, the state's unemployment rate was 4.6 percent.[162]. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State. Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles (32,133.2km2) and is comparable in overall area with Belgium [11,787 square miles (30,530km2)]. Many manufacturing businesses were established in the Baltimore area after the Civil War. Historians debate the constitutionality of these wartime actions, though the suspension of civil liberties during wartime was later sustained by the U.S. Supreme Court in cases such as Schenck v. United States[41]. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North.Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War.Governor Thomas H. Hicks, despite his early sympathies for the South, helped prevent the state from seceding. The Progressive Era also brought reforms in working conditions for Maryland's labor force. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 269,166 (464,251 births minus 275,093 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 116,713 people into the state. Though it was a slave state, only a fourth of them joined Confederate units. [32] Penn successfully argued that the Maryland charter entitled Lord Baltimore only to unsettled lands, and Dutch settlement in Delaware predated his charter. The Eastern Shore was settled by Protestants, chiefly Methodist and the southern counties were initially settled by English Catholics. Maryland also has an 11-mile (18km) portion of I-81 that travels through the state near Hagerstown. [d] Following Protestantism, Catholicism is the second largest religious affiliation, comprising 15% percent of the population. Average annual snowfall varies from 9 inches (23cm) in the coastal areas to over 100 inches (250cm) in the western mountains of the state. The majority of public universities in the state (Bowie State University, Coppin State University, Frostburg State University, Salisbury University and the University of Maryland-Eastern Shore) are affiliated with the University System of Maryland. 22 overall among U.S. states based on 71 metrics across eight categories. Literacy was high among blacks and, as Democrats crafted means to exclude them, suffrage campaigns helped reach blacks and teach them how to resist. "Protestants swept the Catholics out of the legislature and religious strife returned. The appearance of the justices of the Supreme Court of Maryland is unique; Maryland is the only state whose justices wear red robes. The purebred Chesapeake Bay Retriever dog was bred specifically for water sports, hunting and search and rescue in the Chesapeake area. Ehrlich ran again for governor in 2010, losing again to O'Malley. Blacks defeated three efforts to disenfranchise them, making alliances with immigrants to resist various Democratic campaigns. Other languages with a large number of speakers in Maryland include Vietnamese (0.4%), Arabic (0.4%), Russian (0.4%), Hindi (0.3%), Urdu (0.3%), Persian (0.3%), Nepali (0.3%), Haitian Creole (0.2%), and Telugu (0.2%) [118][119], In 1970, the U.S. Census Bureau reported Maryland's population as 17.8 percent African-American and 80.4 percent non-Hispanic White.[124]. In addition, Hoyer served as House Minority Whip from 2003 to 2006 and 2012 to 2018. Demand for cheap labor from Maryland colonists led to the importation of numerous indentured servants and enslaved Africans. [197] Note: Births in the table do not add up because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number. I-595, which is an unsigned highway concurrent with US50/US301, is the longest unsigned interstate in the country and connects Prince George's County and Washington, D.C. with Annapolis and the Eastern Shore via the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. [29] A dispute with traders from Virginia over Kent Island in the Chesapeake led to armed conflict. In western Maryland, the higher elevations of Allegany and Garrett counties, including the cities of Cumberland, Frostburg, and Oakland, display more characteristics of the humid continental zone, due in part to elevation. Maryland has relationships with many provinces, states, and other entities worldwide. In 2008, Barack Obama won the state's 10 electoral votes with 61.9 percent of the vote, to John McCain's 36.5 percent. [191], From 2007 to 2011, U.S. An estimated 81,500 Jewish Americans live in Montgomery County, constituting approximately 10% of the total population. The MTA also serves the city and its suburbs with its local bus service (the 9th largest system in the nation). Nearly half the black population was free before the war, and some had accumulated property. With a total land area of 12,407 square miles (32,130km2), Maryland is the eighth-smallest state by land area, but its population of 6,177,224 ranks it the 18th-most populous state and the fifth-most densely populated. Maryland ZIP code map and Maryland ZIP code list. The Great Baltimore Fire of 1904 burned for more than 30 hours, destroying 1,526 buildings and spanning 70 city blocks. noun 1 sometimes capitalized B&S a : a state (such as Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, or Missouri) bordering on an antislavery state and favoring slavery before the Civil War b : a state (such as Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, or Tennessee) just north of the Solid South and traditionally voting Democratic c Maryland ranks No. Strategically placed directly between North and South, close to the Confederate and Union capitals (Richmond, Va, and Washington, D.C.), Maryland's geographic location set the state apart. Although a tactical draw, the battle was considered a strategic Union victory and a turning point of the war. While McCain won most of the western and eastern counties by margins of 2-to-1 or more, he was almost completely shut out in the larger counties surrounding Baltimore and Washington; every large county except Anne Arundel went for Obama, who won by 25 points statewide. With the nation's entry into World War I in 1917, new military bases such as Camp Meade, the Aberdeen Proving Ground, and the Edgewood Arsenal were established. Seal of Maryland during the war. The Eastern Shore is served primarily by broadcast media based around the Delmarva Peninsula; the northeastern section receives both Baltimore and Philadelphia stations. Into the 18th century, individual priests and lay leaders claimed Maryland farms belonging to the Jesuits as personal property and bequeathed them in order to evade the legal restrictions on religious organizations' owning property.[28]. Amtrak trains, including the high-speed Acela Express serve Baltimore's Penn Station, BWI Airport, New Carrollton, and Aberdeen along the Washington, D.C. to Boston Northeast Corridor. CSX Transportation. [178][179], Freight rail transport is handled principally by two Class I railroads, as well as several smaller regional and local carriers. The port ranked 17th in the U.S. by tonnage in 2008. [33] In the early years, the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid, and white and black laborers commonly lived and worked together, and formed unions. [35], Governor Thomas Holliday Hicks suspended the state legislature, and to help ensure the election of a new pro-union governor and legislature, President Abraham Lincoln had a number of its pro-slavery politicians arrested, including the Mayor of Baltimore, George William Brown; suspended several civil liberties, including habeas corpus; and ordered artillery placed on Federal Hill overlooking Baltimore. [91][92], In the 2020 United States census, the United States Census Bureau found that population of Maryland was 6,185,278 people, a 7.1% increase from the 2010 United States census. Maryland is bordered by Pennsylvania in the north, Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Atlantic Ocean and Virginia in the south, and West Virginia in the west. The southern counties of the western shoreline of Chesapeake Bay are warm enough to support a tobacco cash crop zone, which has existed since early Colonial times, but declined greatly after a state government buy-out in the 1990s. The legislature may not increase the governor's proposed budget expenditures. [2] After West Virginia separated from Virginia, it was also considered a border state. Among them are two beltways encircling the major cities of the region: I-695, the McKeldin (Baltimore) Beltway, which encircles Baltimore; and a portion of I-495, the Capital Beltway, which encircles Washington, D.C. I-270, which connects the Frederick area with Northern Virginia and Washington, D.C. through major suburbs to the northwest of Washington, is a major commuter route and is as wide as fourteen lanes at points. On the east, Maryland is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware. The Democratic Party rapidly regained power in the state from Republicans. His district covers parts of Anne Arundel and Prince George's counties, in addition to all of Charles, Calvert, and St. Mary's counties in southern Maryland. NH = Non-Hispanic, As of 2016, the most spoken languages in Maryland other than English were Spanish (9%), Chinese (1.2%), West African languages (mostly Yoruba and Igbo, 1%), French (1%), Korean (0.7%), Afro-Asiatic languages (mostly Amharic, 0.6%), and Tagalog (0.6%). The MTA's Commuter Bus system provides express coach service on longer routes connecting Washington, D.C. and Baltimore to parts of Central and Southern MD as well as the Eastern Shore. This state of affairs lasted until after the American Revolutionary War (17751783). The workers' compensation law was overturned in the courts, but was redrafted and finally enacted in 1910. Major rail yards are located in Baltimore and Cumberland,[180] with an intermodal terminal (rail, truck and marine) in Baltimore.[181]. The two years from 1644 to 1646 when Claiborne and his Puritan associates held sway were known as "The Plundering Time". This border state experienced three major waves of troop movements during the Civil War: the Maryland (Antietam) campaign in the fall of 1862, the Gettysburg campaign in July of 1863, and the Battle of Monocacy (also known as "The Battle that Saved Washington") in July 1864.

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