After the fall of the dictatorship and a brief proclamation of the Catalan Republic, during the events of the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic (1417April1931),[58] Catalonia received in 1932, its first Statute of Autonomy from the Spanish Republic's Parliament, granting it a considerable degree of self-government, establishing an autonomous body, the Generalitat of Catalonia, which included a parliament, an executive council and a court of appeal. And like other European nation-states in formation,[43] it was not on a uniform ethnic basis, but by imposing the political and cultural characteristics of the capital, in this case Madrid and Central Spain, on those of the other areas, whose inhabitants would become national minorities to be assimilated through nationalist policies. "La Draga (Banyoles, Catalonia), an Early Neolithic Lakeside Village in Mediterranean Europe". The world-renowned Catalan architects of this style are Antoni Gaud, Llus Domnech i Montaner and Josep Puig i Cadafalch. menus, posters) at least in Catalan, this not systematically enforced. Many Catalans consider seny something unique to their culture, is based on a set of ancestral local customs stemming from the scale of values and social norms of their society. Philip V subsequently imposed a unifying administration across Spain, enacting the Nueva Planta decrees which, like in the other realms of the Crown of Aragon, suppressed Catalan institutions and rights. Closely linked with the Catalan pictorial atmosphere, Pablo Picasso lived in Barcelona during his youth, training them as an artist and creating the movement of cubism. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Where and when trains run LIRR service runs 24/7, with different schedules depending on destination and time of day. Email us. The waters of the Balearic Sea are rich in biodiversity, and even the megafaunas of the oceans; various types of whales (such as fin, sperm, and pilot) and dolphins can be found in the area.[89][90]. [further explanation needed], Both the 1979 Statute of Autonomy and the current one, approved in 2006, state that "Catalonia, as a nationality, exercises its self-government constituted as an Autonomous Community in accordance with the Constitution and with the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, which is its basic institutional law, always under the law in Spain". After that period, between the 16th and 19thcenturies the Romantic historiography defined this era as the Decadncia, considered as the "decadent" period in Catalan literature because of a general falling into disuse of the vernacular language in cultural contexts and lack of patronage among the nobility. Catalonia has given to the world many important figures in the area of the art. Besides the aforementioned authors, other relevant 20th-century writers of the Francoist and democracy periods include Joan Brossa, Agust Bartra, Manuel de Pedrolo, Pere Calders or Quim Monz. The left-wing independentist leader Francesc Maci was appointed its first president. It also has many international synchronized swimming champions. The biggest are the lake of Banyoles and the recently recovered lake of Ivars. The vegueria is a proposed type of division defined as a specific territorial area for the exercise of government and inter-local cooperation with legal personality. The objections are based on various issues such as disputed cultural heritage but, especially, on the Statute's alleged breaches of the principle of "solidarity between regions" in fiscal and educational matters enshrined by the Constitution. The distribution of sectors is as follows:[140]. The main roads generally radiate from Barcelona. Phone Number Routes; New Jersey Transit: 973-275-5555 NJT: MTA New York City Transit: . Nights are cooler there than at the coast, with the temperature of around 1417C (5763F). In the 19th century, Catalonia was severely affected by the Napoleonic and Carlist Wars. The native name, Catalunya, is pronounced [ktlu] in Central Catalan, the most widely spoken variety, whose pronunciation is considered standard. [34] The Courts were composed of the three Estates organized into "arms" (braos), were presided over by the monarch, and approved the Catalan constitutions, which established a compilation of rights for the inhabitants of the Principality. Chiringuito Takuara. Kleiner-Liebau, D. "Migration and the Construction of National Identity in Spain (Frankfurt: Vervuert)". In 1832, the Bonaplata Factory in Barcelona became the first factory in the country to make use of the steam engine. The Executive Council (Catalan: Consell Executiu) or Government (Govern), is the body responsible of the government of the Generalitat, it holds executive and regulatory power, being accountable to the Catalan Parliament. Coastal trading colonies were established by the ancient Greeks, who settled around the Gulf of Roses, in Emporion (Empries) and Roses in the 8th century BC. Catalonia has a long tradition of use of radio, the first regular radio broadcast in the country was from Rdio Barcelona in 1924. The council consists of a number of members (regidors) depending on population, who elect the mayor (alcalde or batlle). Gelderen, Martin van; Skinner, Quentin (2002). Then, the documentary became another genre particularly representative of contemporary Catalan cinema, boosted by Joaquim Jord i Catal and Jos Luis Guern. [96], The support for Catalan nationalism ranges from a demand for further autonomy and the federalisation of Spain to the desire for independence from the rest of Spain, expressed by Catalan independentists. About Us Contact Us Careers Transparency INFORMATION. The Parliament of Catalonia (Catalan: Parlament de Catalunya) is the unicameral legislative body of the Generalitat and represents the people of Catalonia. Due to the intense immigration[citation needed] which Spain in general and Catalonia in particular experienced in the first decade of the 21st century, many foreign languages are spoken in various cultural communities in Catalonia, of which Rif-Berber,[191] Moroccan Arabic, Romanian[192] and Urdu are the most common ones. The territorial plan of Catalonia (Pla territorial general de Catalunya) provided six general functional areas,[126] but was amended by Law24/2001, of 31December, recognizing the Alt Pirineu i Aran as a new functional area differentiated of Ponent. The most important painting museums of Catalonia are the Teatre-Museu Dal in Figueres, the National Art Museum of Catalonia (MNAC), Picasso Museum, Fundaci Antoni Tpies, Joan Mir Foundation, the Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art (MACBA), the Centre of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona (CCCB) and the CaixaForum. The caganer is so popular it has, together with the ti, long been a major part of the Christmas markets, where they come in the guise of your favorite politicians or other famous people, as well as the traditional figures of a Catalan farmer. [70][71] It was declared illegal and suspended by the Constitutional Court of Spain, because it breached the 1978 Constitution. (Select the most likely place you lost your item) Add Bus Route Add Train Line Select Station . In the recent years they have played with Bulgaria, Argentina, Brazil, Basque Country, Colombia, Nigeria, Cape Verde and Tunisia. Demographic Survey. LIRR Unveils Spacious New Lost And Found At Penn Station - YouTube If you lose something on a Long Island Rail Road train, you may have better luck finding it now. [198] The Catalan government gave in and dropped the clause that forced 50% of the movies to be dubbed or subtitled in Catalan before the law came to effect. Catalunya", "Idescat. Faced with these problems, Catalan authorities initiated several measures whose purpose is to protect natural ecosystems. [36] In 1410, the last reigning monarch of the House of Barcelona, King Martin I died without surviving descendants. [130], Catalonia's long-term credit rating is BB(Non-Investment Grade) according to Standard & Poor's, Ba2(Non-Investment Grade) according to Moody's, and BBB-(Low Investment Grade) according to Fitch Ratings. Every comarca is administered by a comarcal council (consell comarcal). To reach an MTA service, simply say (at any time) MTA or the service you are interested in: Subways and Buses, Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, or Bridges and Tunnels. [131][132][133] Catalonia's rating is tied for worst with between 1 and 5 other autonomous communities of Spain, depending on the rating agency. That includes the two biggest Catalan banks at that moment, La Caixa, which moved its office to Palma de Mallorca, and Banc Sabadell, ranked fourth among all Spanish private banks and which moved its office to Alicante. For the historic political entity, see, The beginning of the Spanish nation state, Spanish Civil War (19361939) and Franco's rule (19391975), Transition and democratic period (1975present), Anthropic pressure and protection of nature. [154] 1,194,947residents did not have Spanish citizenship, accounting for about 16% of the population.[155]. The current regional division has its roots in a decree of the Generalitat de Catalunya of 1936, in effect until 1939, when it was suppressed by Franco. Nearly 20,000 items are turned into Long Island Rail Road's Lost & Found Facility every year. [28], The Neolithic era began in Catalonia around 5000BC, although the population was slower to develop fixed settlements than in other places, thanks to the abundance of woods, which allowed the continuation of a fundamentally hunter-gatherer culture. The law ensures that both Catalan and Spanish being official languages can be used by the citizens without prejudice in all public and private activities. Seny is a form of ancestral Catalan wisdom or sensibleness. According to John Huxtable Elliott, "Between 1347 and 1497 the Principality [Catalonia] had lost 37% of its inhabitants, and was reduced to a population of something like 300,000.". After a period of autarky, from the late 1950s through to the 1970s Catalonia saw rapid economic growth, drawing many workers from across Spain, making Barcelona one of Europe's largest industrial metropolitan areas and turning Catalonia into a major tourist destination. From the 2017 independence referendum until the end of 2018, for example, Catalonia lost 5454companies to other parts of Spain (mainly Madrid), 2359 only in 2018, gaining 467 new ones from the rest of the country during 2018. Many of Spain's leading savings banks were based in Catalonia before the independence referendum of 2017. IchGeheJetzt 10 yr. ago Just over 30,000 square kilometres (12,000 square miles) hosting a variety of substrates, soils, climates, directions, altitudes and distances to the sea. The Catalan hydrographic network consists of two important basins, the one of the Ebro and the one that comprises the internal basins of Catalonia (respectively covering 46.84% and 51.43% of the territory), all of them flow to the Mediterranean. [162], Historically, all the Catalan population was Christian, specifically Catholic, but since the 1980s there has been a trend of decline of Christianity. This small area of 7,000inhabitants was the only place where a dialect of Occitan had received full official status. The Statute of Autonomy was suspended in 1934, due to the Events of 6 October in Barcelona, as a response[clarification needed] to the accession of right-wing Spanish nationalist party CEDA to the government of the Republic, considered close to fascism. [27] From the next prehistoric era, the Epipalaeolithic or Mesolithic, important remains survive, the greater part dated between 8000 and 5000BC, such as those of Sant Gregori (Falset) and el Filador (Margalef de Montsant). This period was marked by political unrest, the effects of the economic crisis and their social repercussions. The first begins with the historiographic chronicles of the 13thcentury (chronicles written between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries narrating the deeds of the monarchs and leading figures of the Crown of Aragon) and the subsequent Golden Age of the 14th and 15thcenturies. [100][101][102] Other polls show more variable results, according with the Spanish CIS, as of December2016, 47% of Catalans rejected independence and 45% supported it.[107]. [219], Catalonia is internationally recognized for its fine dining. With the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic (19311939), the Generalitat was restored as a Catalan autonomous government. Regional specialties include the pa amb tomquet (bread with tomato), which consists of bread (sometimes toasted), and tomato seasoned with olive oil and salt. Catalonia is organised territorially into provinces, further subdivided into comarques and municipalities. In 1808, it was occupied by French troops; the resistance against the occupation eventually developed into the Peninsular War. Laws had to be approved in the Catalan Courts (Corts Catalanes), one of the first parliamentary bodies of Europe that, since 1283, obtained the power to create legislation with the monarch. Catalan gastronomy has a long culinary tradition. [37] During the reign of his son, John II, social and political tensions caused the Catalan Civil War (14621472) and the War of the Remences (1462-1486). [citation needed] A policy to encourage company towns also saw the textile industry flourish in the countryside in the 1860s and 1870s. The Spanish Senate voted in favour of enforcing direct rule by removing the Catalan government and calling a snap regional election. [85] They were later pardoned by the Spanish government and left prison in June 2021.[86][87]. . . The 2006Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia establishes the administrative organisation of three local authorities: vegueries, comarques, and municipalities. There are at present 947municipalities (municipis) in Catalonia. Occitan is the mother tongue of 22.4% of the population of Val d'Aran, which has attracted heavy immigration from other Spanish regions to work in the service industry. The name "Catalonia" (Medieval Latin: Cathalaunia; Catalan: Catalunya), spelled Cathalonia, began to be used for the homeland of the Catalans (Cathalanenses) in the late 11th century and was probably used before as a territorial reference to the group of counties that comprised part of the March of Gothia and the March of Hispania under the control of the Count of Barcelona and his relatives. Demographic Survey. Catalonia is amongst the List of country subdivisions by GDP over 100 billion US dollars and is a member of the Four Motors for Europe organisation. The capital and largest city, Barcelona, is the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the fifth-most populous urban area in the European Union. Annual indicators. [190] Debates in the Catalan Parliament take place almost exclusively in Catalan and the Catalan public television broadcasts programs mainly in Catalan. [60] Violent confrontations between the workers' parties (CNT-FAI and POUM against the PSUC) culminated in the defeat of the first ones in 1937. The difference is due to the big contribution of the Ebro river, from which the Segre is an important tributary. Airports in Catalonia are owned and operated by Aena (a Spanish Government entity) except two airports in Lleida which are operated by Aeroports de Catalunya (an entity belonging to the Government of Catalonia). The Catalan Coastal Range hugs the coastline, and it is split into two segments, one between L'Estartit and the town of Blanes (the Costa Brava), and the other at the south, at the Costes del Garraf. [59] Watch Now. [129] That year, the GDP growth was 2.3%. David Meyer October 15, 2019 1:43pm Updated 1 of 13 Anyone leave a chainsaw on the train? Ask us to mail it. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to the south of the Pyrenees mountain range. Several directors have gained worldwide renown thanks to this genre, starting with Jaume Balaguer and his series REC (co-directed with Valencian Paco Plaza), Juan Antonio Bayona and El Orfanato or Jaume Collet-Serra with Orphan, Unknown and Non-Stop. in Europe(green &dark grey)in Spain(green), Catalonia (/ktloni/; Catalan: Catalunya [ktlu]; Spanish: Catalua [katalua]; Occitan: Catalonha [katalua])[10] is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy. By Phone. Numerous laws regarding for instance the labelling of pharmaceutical products, make in effect Spanish the only language of compulsory use. Under the hegemony of the Regionalist League, Catalonia gained a degree of administrative unity for the first time in the Modern era. With 1,950,000TEUs in 2015, it is the first container port in Catalonia, the third in Spain after Valencia and Algeciras in Andalusia, the 9thin the Mediterranean Sea, the 14thin Europe and the 68thin the world. The four provinces and their populations are:[124]. Although the policy of Spanish governments oscillated between free trade and protectionism, protectionist laws[es] become more common. Contact URL. In the same period, Barcelona was the focus of industrial conflict and revolutionary uprisings known as "bullangues". Por pas de nacionalidad", "Catalans woo immigrants in quest to split from Spain", "Ms del 60% de la poblacin de Catalua es fruto de los flujos inmigratorios de este siglo", "Idescat. [16] The origin of the name Catalunya is subject to diverse interpretations because of a lack of evidence. The LIRR Lost and Found department is here to help you recover your lost items. In November 2003, elections to the Parliament of Catalonia gave the government to a left-wing Catalanist coalition formed by the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC-PSOE), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV), and the socialist Pasqual Maragall was appointed president. Badalona (/ b d l o n /, US also / b d-/, Catalan: [blon], Spanish: [baalona]) is a municipality to the immediate north east of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain. The Spanish Supreme Court imprisoned seven former ministers of the Catalan government on charges of rebellion and misuse of public funds, while several othersincluding then-President Carles Puigdemontfled to other European countries. The plains and the water that descend from the Pyrenees have made it fertile territory for agriculture and numerous irrigation canals have been built. On 11September2012, a pro-independence march pulled in a crowd of between 600,000 (according to the Spanish Government), 1.5million (according to the Gurdia Urbana de Barcelona), and 2million (according to its promoters);[109][110] whereas poll results revealed that half the population of Catalonia supported secession from Spain. As a consequence, Catalan as a language of government and literature was eclipsed by Spanish. Fog is not uncommon in valleys and plains; it can be especially persistent, with freezing drizzle episodes and subzero temperatures during winter, mainly along the Ebro and Segre valleys and in Plain of Vic. [14] In 1137, Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon. He got off in Babylon and immediately realized but the train had already closed its doors and gone down to the yard. [214], Olympic Park of Montjuc, Barcelona. The official opening between Barcelona and Madrid took place 20February2008. During the war, there were two rival powers in Catalonia: the de jure power of the Generalitat and the de facto power of the armed popular militias. The second moment of splendor began in the 19thcentury with the cultural and political Renaixena (Renaissance) represented by writers and poets such as Jacint Verdaguer, Vctor Catal (pseudonym of Caterina Albert i Parads), Narcs Oller, Joan Maragall and ngel Guimer.

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