[418], Although Jerusalem is known primarily for its religious significance, the city is also home to many artistic and cultural venues. Byzantine chronicles relate that the Sassanids and Jews slaughtered tens of thousands of Christians in the city, many at the Mamilla Pool,[152][153] and destroyed their monuments and churches, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. There are also over twenty teacher training colleges - most of which will award only the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.). It was ranked as the 11th best institution in mathematics worldwide in 2017, 19th best in 2018, 21st best in 2019, and 25th best in 2020.[50][51]. [79], In Arabic, Jerusalem is most commonly known as , transliterated as al-Quds and meaning "The Holy" or "The Holy Sanctuary",[45][46] cognate with Hebrew: , romanized:Ha-Qodesh, lit. List of Israeli universities and colleges, Non-degree post-secondary education schools, Council for Higher Education in Judea and Samaria, academic rank of the top world universities, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Torah Olamit: Israeli Virtual College of Noedical Studies, Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, WIZO Haifa Academy of Design and Education, Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, "Ambitious Israeli students look to top institutions abroad", "World Universities' ranking on the Web: Top 2000 World Ranking", "Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2005", "Educacin | Tora Universal | | Israel", " - ", " | ", " - , -, ", " - , ", Faculty & Accreditation | ONE FOR ISRAEL | Bible College, "Jew York Jewniversity: We Gots More Jews Than You! Israel's most prestigious institution for higher learning, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem is a multidisciplinary teaching and research organization as well as an internationally acclaimed center for scientific enterprise. [174][failed verification], In 1187, the city was wrested from the Crusaders by Saladin who permitted Jews and Muslims to return and settle in the city. [42] In March, 2012 the university announced that it had digitized the entire archive, and was planning to make it more accessible online. The Tel AvivJerusalem railway runs non-stop from JerusalemYitzhak Navon railway station to the airport and began operation in 2018.[402]. The Terra Santa building in Rehavia, rented from the Franciscan Custodians of the Latin Holy Places, was also used for this purpose. [14], Jerusalem had a population of 882,700 in 2016, of which Jews comprised 536,600 (60.8%), Muslims 319,800 (36.2%), Christians 15,800 (1.8%), and 10,300 unclassified (1.2%). Today those walls define the Old City, which since the 19th century has been divided into four quarters the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim quarters. [11] Since 1860, Jerusalem has grown far beyond the Old City's boundaries. [253], While the international community regards East Jerusalem, including the entire Old City, as part of the occupied Palestinian territories, neither part, West or East Jerusalem, is recognized as part of the territory of Israel or the State of Palestine. In the French Hill neighbourhood, Palestinians today constitute one-sixth of the overall population. In Greek and Latin, the city's name was transliterated Hierosolyma (Greek: ; in Greek hiers, , means holy), although the city was renamed Aelia Capitolina for part of the Roman period of its history. Given the information available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Israelites for the Iron I period." [378] Although Tel Aviv remains Israel's financial centre, a growing number of high tech companies are moving to Jerusalem, providing 12,000 jobs in 2006. NYU Press, pp. The complex contains a state-of-the-art museum that explores the genocide of the Jews through exhibits that focus on the personal stories of individuals and families killed in the Holocaust. Klein, E. (2010), "The Origins of the Rural Settlers in Judean Mountains and Foothills during the Late Roman Period", In: E. Yissum is led by Yaacov Michlin and other leaders in the business industry such as: Tamir Huberman,[56] Dov Reichman, Shoshi Keinan, Ariela Markel and Michal Levy. [43][44][45] Included in the collection are his personal notes, love letters to various women, including the woman who would become his second wife, Elsa. Zion, the heart of Jerusalem. Announcement in the UK House of Commons of the recognition of the State of Israel and also of the annexation of the West Bank by the State of Jordan. [7] During the Canaanite period (14th century BCE), Jerusalem was named as Urusalim on ancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning "City of Shalem" after a Canaanite deity. Due to its proximity to the city, especially the Temple Mount, Abu Dis, a Palestinian suburb of Jerusalem, has been proposed as the future capital of a Palestinian state by Israel. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996, p. 112, David E. Sklare, 'Ysuf al-Bar: Theological Aspects of his Halakhic Works,' in Daniel Frank (ed. It is also the oldest section of the university. Numerous religious educational institutions and Yeshivot, including some of the most prestigious yeshivas, among them the Brisk, Chevron, Midrash Shmuel and Mir, are based in the city, with the Mir Yeshiva claiming to be the largest. On 5 December 1949, Israel's first Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion, proclaimed Jerusalem as Israel's "eternal" and "sacred" capital, and eight days later specified that only the war had "compelled" the Israeli leadership "to establish the seat of Government in Tel Aviv", while "for the State of Israel there has always been and always will be one capital only Jerusalem the Eternal", and that after the war, efforts had been ongoing for creating the conditions for "the Knesset returning to Jerusalem. The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship. In 2007, 1,300 Palestinians lived in the previously exclusively Jewish neighbourhood of Pisgat Ze'ev and constituted three percent of the population in Neve Ya'akov. Collins, Larry, and La Pierre, Dominique (1988). The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 12001000BCE). The complex is expected to attract many businesses from Tel Aviv, and become the city's main business hub. In Sunni Islam, Jerusalem is the third-holiest city, after Mecca and Medina. In Frederick E. Greenspahn. I think that all pastors can benefit and be blessed by the unique study opportunities offered at JUC." Research income per academic staff:3%, International outlook: 8% Jerusalem is the state broadcasting centre of Israel. Ron E. Tappy With Contributions by Mohammad al-Asad, Abeer Audeh, Said Nuseibeh. [205] Complementing this building code, which is still in force, is the discouragement of heavy industry in Jerusalem; only about 2.2% of Jerusalem's land is zoned for "industry and infrastructure". One example, discovered north of the Old City, contains human remains in a 1st-century CE ossuary decorated with the Aramaic inscription "Simon the Temple Builder". International Faculty Ratio 5% Scopus; Library of the Rothberg School for International Students, Mt. Jerusalem University College is a Christian institution of higher learning on Mt. We offer short-term intensive courses for academic credit or personal enrichment. Roman rule over Jerusalem and Judea was challenged in the First JewishRoman War (6673 CE), which ended with a Roman victory. [450] Beitar Jerusalem Football Club is one of the most well known in Israel. By visiting uniRank, you accept our terms, privacy and cookie policy, A b o u t | C o n t a c t | A d v e r t i s e| T e r m s, Israeli higher education-related organization, Colleges and Universities in Asia by country, being chartered, licensed or accredited by the appropriate, offering at least four-year undergraduate degrees (bachelor degrees) or postgraduate degrees (master or doctoral degrees), delivering courses predominantly in a traditional, face-to-face, non-distance education format. In November 2018, Moshe Lion was elected mayor. [423] The Youth Wing, which mounts changing exhibits and runs an extensive art education programme, is visited by 100,000 children a year. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 12001000, Rendsberg, Gary (2008). JUC accepts students from both consortium institutions and non-member schools. Zion, the heart of Jerusalem. Al-Quds University was established in 1984 to serve as a flagship university for the Arab and Palestinian peoples. Collaboration [456], The Jerusalem Marathon, established in 2011, is an international marathon race held annually in Jerusalem in the month of March. Mitchell Geoffrey Bard. CFHU facilitates academic and research partnerships between Canada and Israel as well as establishing scholarships, supporting research, cultivating student and faculty exchanges and recruiting Canadian students to attend the Rothberg International School. [408] The Hebrew University operates three campuses in Jerusalem, on Mount Scopus, on Giv'at Ram and a medical campus at the Hadassah Ein Kerem hospital. [385], Jerusalem has traditionally had a low-rise skyline. [317][318] A day in Jerusalem has on average, 9.3 sunshine hours. [349] The Temple Mount, which was the site of Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple, is the holiest site in Judaism and the place Jews turn towards during prayer. 101, December 1996, (English, p. 88), The Jewish injunction to pray toward Jerusalem comes in the, neither claim is widely recognized internationally, influenced by ideological bias or background, Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period, destroyed Jerusalem and the Second Temple, History of Jerusalem during the Early Muslim period, History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Expansion of Jerusalem in the 19th century, 1860 civil war in Mount Lebanon and the Damascus massacre, Jerusalem Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194, United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, major parts of the Arab territory allotted to the future Arab State, National Headquarters of the Israel Police, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 58/292, 1841 British Royal Engineers map of Jerusalem, Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, The National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel, The Edward Said National Conservatory of Music, List of Israeli twin towns and sister cities, "East Jerusalem today Palestine's Capital: The 1967 border in Jerusalem and Israel's illegal policies on the ground", "From Shiloah to Silwan A Visitor's Guide", "Selected Data on the Occasion of Jerusalem Day, 2022", "Jerusalem Barrier Causes Major Upheaval", "Table III/9 - Population in Israel and in Jerusalem, by Religion, 1988 - 2020", The Role of Zion/Jerusalem in Isaiah 4055: A Corpus-Linguistic Approach, "Karen Armstrong's Jerusalem One City, Three Faiths", "Israeli authorities back 600 new East Jerusalem homes", "Israel plans 1,300 East Jerusalem Jewish settler homes", Jerusalem: The Topography, Economics and History from the Earliest Times to A.D. 70, Volume 1, "History of Jerusalem from its Beginning to David", The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Greece and Rome, Volume 1, Genesis 33:1820, Deuteronomy 11:29 & 28:11, Joshua 8:33, 1 Kings 12, "Melchizedek as Priest of the Jerusalem Temple in Talmud, Midrash, and Targum", "Israeli Archaeologists Discover 7,000-Year-Old Settlement", "How Jews and Arabs Use (and Misuse) the History of Jerusalem to Score Points", "One Nation's Capital Throughout History", "The Broad Wall Jerusalem Attractions, Israel", "Department of Archaeology Silwan, Jerusalem: The Survey of the Iron Age Necropolis", "Cistern dated to First Temple period found in Jerusalem", "King David's Palace Is Found, Archaeologist Says", Digging Through the Bible: Modern Archaeology and the Ancient Bible, "The Cyrus Cylinder and Achaemenid Imperial Policy", "Center of the Persian Satrapy of Judah (539323)", "Ossuary bearing an Aramaic inscription reading, "Simon, builder of the Temple" - Unknown", "Archaeological Sites in Israel-Jerusalem- Burial Sites and Tombs of the Second Temple Period", "The Lower City of Jerusalem on the Eve of Its Destruction, 70 CE: A View From Hanyon Givati", Following Hadrian: A Second-Century Journey Through the Roman Empire, Christianity in the second century: the case of Tatian, The Jews under Roman rule: from Pompey to Diocletian: a study in political relations, The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine: An Archaeological Approach, "Modern Historians and the Persian Conquest of Jerusalem in 614", "Abbasid Period and Fatimid Rule (7501099)", "Main Events in the History of Jerusalem", British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, Rediscovering Palestine: Egyptian rule, 18311840, "Jerusalem: Architecture in the Late Ottoman Period", "Children in war time: the first pupils of the Syrian (Schneller) orphanage in Jerusalem 18601863", "Considerations Affecting Certain of the Provisions of the General Assembly Resolution on the 'Future Government of Palestine': The City of Jerusalem", "U.N. [133][134][135][136][137] The contemporary Jewish historian Josephus wrote that the city "was so thoroughly razed to the ground by those that demolished it to its foundations, that nothing was left that could ever persuade visitors that it had once been a place of habitation. In 1981 it was moved to a new building on Hebron Road near the Valley of Hinnom and the Old City. Teaching reputation:20% On 27 June 1967, three weeks after the war ended, in what Israel terms the reunification of Jerusalem, Israel extended its law and jurisdiction to East Jerusalem, including the city's Christian and Muslim holy sites, along with some nearby West Bank territory which comprised 28 Palestinian villages, incorporating it into the Jerusalem Municipality,[234] although it carefully avoided using the term "annexation". Diversity. [194] According to the Prussian consul, the population in 1845 was 16,410, with 7,120 Jews, 5,000 Muslims, 3,390 Christians, 800 Turkish soldiers and 100 Europeans. Universitys international reputation 25%, Research (volume, income and reputation) 30% After the unification of Jerusalem, following the Six-Day War of June 1967, the university was able to return to Mount Scopus, which was rebuilt. [303] In the November 2008 city elections, Nir Barkat was elected. Housing for students at Hebrew University who live on Mount Scopus is located at the three dormitories located near the university. William M. Schniedewind [436] In 1974 the Jerusalem Cinematheque was founded. The university has an international Society of Friends organizations covering more than 25 countries. It was built in 1938 during the British Mandate. Born in Israel in 1976, Harari received his PhD from the University of Oxford in 2002. [71][72] Another name, "Zion", initially referred to a distinct part of the city, but later came to signify the city as a whole, and afterwards to represent the whole biblical Land of Israel. In 2022, Jerusalem had a population of some 971,800 residents, of which almost 60% were Jews and almost 40% Palestinians. In 1967, Jews accounted for 74 percent of the population, while the figure for 2006 is down nine percent. Enrollment 16,362 Enrollment. [97][98][18], Archaeological remains from the ancient Israelite period include the Siloam Tunnel, an aqueduct built by Judahite king Hezekiah and once containing an ancient Hebrew inscription, known as the Siloam Inscription;[99] the so-called Broad Wall, a defensive fortification built in the 8th century BCE, also by Hezekiah;[100] the Silwan necropolis (9th7th c. BCE) with the Monolith of Silwan and the Tomb of the Royal Steward, which were decorated with monumental Hebrew inscriptions;[101] and the so-called Israelite Tower, remnants of ancient fortifications, built from large, sturdy rocks with carved cornerstones. Research Excellence 40%, Article count (AC) This heart and soul of the Jewish people engenders the thought that if you want one simple word to symbolize all of Jewish history, that word would be 'Jerusalem. For other uses, see, Overview of Jerusalem's historical periods (by rulers), Divided city: Jordanian and Israeli rule (19481967), Government precinct and national institutions. Presence 5%. In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. [316] Snowfall is rare, and large snowfalls are even more rare. According to a report by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI), 78% of Arabs in Jerusalem lived in poverty in 2012, up from 64% in 2006. Latest ranking updates related to universities in Jerusalem, ARWU by subject - Academic Ranking of World Universities - ShanghaiRanking, URAP University Ranking by Academic Performance - By Subject, Nature Index - Top 100 Institutions in Artificial Intelligence. [96] The city's inhabitants at this time were Canaanites, who are believed by scholars to have evolved into the Israelites via the development of a distinct Yahweh-centric monotheistic belief system. [36] It has been ranked the highest rated school of social work in Israel. In July 1980, Israel passed the Jerusalem Law as Basic Law. [32] The master plan for the university was designed by Patrick Geddes and his son-in-law, Frank Mears in December 1919. [14] The question, what would define the specific Hebrew character of the university did not only regard the choice of an official language but also organizational aspects, as for example the establishment of departments and the definition of their respective research areas, and the outline of its overall academic profile. Supported by its founder, Stephen Floersheimer, and headed by Eran Razin, Floersheimer Studies is a singular program, publishing studies in the field of society, governance and space in Israel. The Jerusalem Post and The Times of Israel are also headquartered in Jerusalem. ), New Studies on Jerusalem, Vol. [331] Only 8.5% of the Jerusalem District work force is employed in the manufacturing sector, which is half the national average (15.8%). [264] However, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in 2014 that "Jerusalem will never be divided". The State of Palestine (according to the Basic Law of Palestine, Title One: Article 3) regards Jerusalem as its capital. [344] In recent years, private Jewish foundations have received permission from the government to develop projects on disputed lands, such as the City of David archaeological site in the 60% Arab neighbourhood of Silwan (adjacent to the Old City),[345] and the Museum of Tolerance on Mamilla Cemetery (adjacent to Zion Square).[344][346]. Our students are a short walk away from the major religious and cultural communities and archaeological remains of the city. [240] Israeli Agriculture Minister Ariel Sharon proposed building a ring of Jewish neighbourhoods around the city's eastern edges. [391][392] In August 2015, the city council approved construction of a 344-foot pyramid-shaped skyscraper designed by Daniel Libeskind and Yigal Levi, in place of a rejected previous design by Libeskind; it is set to break ground by 2019.[393]. [424], Next to the Israel Museum is the Bible Lands Museum, near The National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel, which includes the Israel Antiquities Authority offices. Doctorates-awarded-to-academic-staff ratio:5% For other uses, see, "Al-Quds" redirects here. Jordan allowed Arab Palestinian refugees from the war to settle in the vacated Jewish Quarter, which became known as Harat al-Sharaf. The findings of this study have far-reaching implications, significantly advancing our understanding of the intricate interplay between energy metabolism, aging, and lifespan regulation. The teacher training colleges include:[7], 1Located in the Israeli occupied territories.

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