A fourth is the 60-acre (24ha) Nevis Laboratories in Irvington, New York, for the study of particle and motion physics. [39] By this time, the College's investments in New York real estate, particularly the Botanical Garden, became a primary source of steady income for the school, mainly owing to the city's rapidly increasing population. The graduation rate at Columbia is higher than The King's College (93% vs. 51%) Columbia University in the City of New York students graduate with a $1,750 lower median federal student loan debt than The King's College graduates. Columbia University was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of King George II of England. [10] In March of the following year, the vestrymen of Trinity Church offered the commission the six-northernmost acres of its property for the foundation of the college, which settled the problem of the college's first campus; however, considerable outcry from William Livingston and other members of the commission who believed that the college should be nonsectarian caused further delay in the college's founding. For much of the 19th century, the university consisted of decentralized and separate faculties specializing in Political Science, Philosophy, and Pure Science. The university's first charter was granted in 1754 by King George II; however, its modern charter was first enacted in 1787 and last amended in 1810 by the New York State Legislature. Replacing these buildings created 6.8million square feet (630,000m2) of space for the university. Community, support, and preparation for work and life are at the core of everything we do, and it shows in our extremely hirable and marketable graduates. Neuschwanstein Castle (German: Schloss Neuschwanstein, pronounced [ls nvantan]; Southern Bavarian: Schloss Neischwanstoa) is a 19th-century historicist palace on a rugged hill of the foothills of the Alps in the very south of Germany, just north of Austria.It is located in the Swabia region of Bavaria, in the municipality of Schwangau, above the incorporated village of . Political publications include The Current, a journal of politics, culture and Jewish Affairs;[206] the Columbia Political Review, the multi-partisan political magazine of the Columbia Political Union;[207] and AdHoc, which denotes itself as the "progressive" campus magazine and deals largely with local political issues and arts events. A Man Of Broad And Generous Sympathies Who Appreciated The Responsibilities Of Wealth", "The Waltons: Inside America's Richest Family", "Bain to Manage Harvard Endowment's $3.4 Billion of Real Estate", "Columbia College awards highest honor to Jonathan S. Lavine, CC '88 Columbia Daily Spectator", "Thomson Reuters CEO Glocer Steps Down as Smith Takes Over", "New NYSE President Lynn Martin Brings Tech Background to the Big Board", "Executive outflow may hit AllianceBernstein", Melbourne-raised Gorman new chief of Morgan Stanley, "At CES, Viacom CEO Bob Bakish Highlights Transformation and Opportunities", "Secrets of their success: Fortune 500 CEOs discuss Union, influences and dealing with setbacks", "Office of the Secretary of The University", "New Jersey Companies, Education & Workforce Profile | Choose NJ", "Ralph Izzo, chairman of the board, President & CEO", "Here Are The 31 Powerful CEOs On The Fortune 500 With MBA Degrees", "Where the Fortune 500 CEOs Went to Law School", "Edwin Armstrong: Pioneer of the Airwaves", "Google Conquers China: An Interview with Kai-Fu Lee". Sun, 16 Jul 2023 17:53:24 GMT (1689530004080) FOX 17 Code Red Weather. Philosophy Hall is listed as the site of the invention of FM radio. [253] There are a number of performing arts groups at Columbia dedicated to producing student theater, including the Columbia Players, King's Crown Shakespeare Troupe (KCST), Columbia Musical Theater Society (CMTS), NOMADS (New and Original Material Authored and Directed by Students), LateNite Theatre, Columbia University Performing Arts League (CUPAL), Black Theatre Ensemble (BTE), sketch comedy group Chowdah, and improvisational troupes Alfred and Fruit Paunch. In the political controversies which preceded The American Revolution, his chief opponent in discussions at the College was an undergraduate of the class of 1777, Alexander Hamilton. [338] In total, the Columbia faculty has included 52 Nobel laureates, 12 National Medal of Science recipients,[339] and 32 National Academy of Engineering members. [188][189][190][191][192][193][194], In 2020, Columbia University's student population was 31,455 (8,842 students in undergraduate programs and 22,613 in postgraduate programs), with 45% of the student population identifying themselves as a minority. In 2011, the Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities ranked Columbia third best university for forming CEOs in the US and 12th worldwide. The three core members of Roosevelt's Brain Trust: Adolf A. Berle, Raymond Moley, and Rexford Tugwell, were law professors at Columbia. [167] QS University Rankings listed Columbia as fifth in the United States. [89] Barnard College still remains affiliated with Columbia, and all Barnard graduates are issued diplomas signed by the presidents of Columbia University and Barnard College. The castle was initially sold off by King Maximillian I Joseph of Bavaria in 1820. [340], Columbia University faculty played particularly important roles during World War II and the creation of the New Deal under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who attended Columbia Law School. Academics A student-activities center, Alfred Lerner Hall, opened in 1999 and features the Roone Arledge Auditorium and Cinema. The architectural centerpiece of the campus was, and remains, Low Memorial Library. In 1900, Olympian and Columbia College student Maxie Long set the first official world record in the 400 meters with a time of 47.8 seconds. The Columbia University and Slavery project explores a previously little-known aspect of the university's history-its connections with slavery and with antislavery movements from the founding of King's College to the end of the Civil War. In 1751, the assembly appointed a commission of ten New York residents, seven of whom were Church of England members, to direct the funds accrued by the state lottery towards the foundation of a college. [127] As of 2008[update], undergraduates from families with incomes as high as $60,000 a year will have the projected cost of attending the university, including room, board, and academic fees, fully paid for by the university. The transition to the new campus coincided with a new outlook for the college; during the commencement of that year, College President Charles King proclaimed Columbia "a university". [35], In November 1813, the College agreed to combine its medical school with The College of Physicians and Surgeons, a new school created by the Regents of New York, forming Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. In particular, Streets of New York, after having been revived three times, opened off-Broadway in 1963 and was awarded a 1964 Drama Desk Award. One of the architects of the Constitution of India, B. R. Ambedkar, was an alumnus. The man presiding over the ceremony was Daniel Horsmanden, a colonial. [61][62], Columbia College first admitted women in the fall of 1983, after a decade of failed negotiations with Barnard College, an all female institution affiliated with the University, to merge the two schools. [65]:3 The Irish anatomist, Samuel Clossy, was appointed professor of natural philosophy in October 1765 and later the college's first professor of anatomy in 1767. ($21,500 vs. $23,250) The Morningside Post is a student-run multimedia news publication. The president serves as the Senate's presiding officer. Cloistered campus life gave way to the more common phenomenon of day students who lived at home or lodged in the city. The trustees appoint the president and other senior administrative officers of the university, and review and confirm faculty appointments as required. [344] It was during this period that thinkers including Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, and Herbert Marcuse wrote and published some of the most seminal works of the Frankfurt School, including Reason and Revolution, Dialectic of Enlightenment, and Eclipse of Reason. [38][41] This period also witnessed the inauguration of Columbia's participation in intercollegiate sports, with the creation of the baseball team in 1867, the organization of the football team in 1870, and the creation of a crew team by 1873. Due in part to the influence of religious leaders of the Church of England, a site in the churchyard of Trinity Church on Wall Street in New York City was selected. There has been a Greek presence on campus since the establishment in 1836 of the Delta chapter of Alpha Delta Phi. These include Remicade (for arthritis), Reopro (for blood clot complications), Xalatan (for glaucoma), Benefix, Latanoprost (a glaucoma treatment), shoulder prosthesis, homocysteine (testing for cardiovascular disease), and Zolinza (for cancer therapy). Columbia with Finished Basement Plan, Davis Pond. In 2021, Columbia was ranked seventh in the world (sixth in the United States) by Academic Ranking of World Universities, sixth in the world by U.S. News & World Report, 19th in the world by QS World University Rankings, and 11th globally by Times Higher Education World University Rankings. In 1902, New York newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer donated a substantial sum to the University for the founding of a school to teach journalism. Senator from Connecticut William Samuel Johnson, Nobel Peace Prize laureate Nicholas Murray Butler, and First Amendment scholar Lee Bollinger. The university requires a minimum of Silver, but through its design and review process seeks to achieve higher levels. [105], In April 2007, the university purchased more than two-thirds of a 17 acres (6.9ha) site for a new campus in Manhattanville, an industrial neighborhood to the north of the Morningside Heights campus. A 650-million-dollar building program begun in 1994 provided the impetus for a wide range of projects, including the complete renovation of Furnald Hall and athletics facilities on campus and at Baker Field, the wiring of the campus for Internet and wireless access, the rebuilding of Dodge Hall for theSchool of the Arts, the construction of new facilities for the Schools of Law andBusiness, the renovation of Butler Library, and the creation of the Philip L. Milstein Family College Library. In 1703, when a college affiliated with the crown was just a fledgling idea in the Royal . [222][223] Other publications include The Columbian, the undergraduate colleges' annually published yearbook;[224] the Gadfly, a biannual journal of popular philosophy produced by undergraduates;[225] and Rhapsody in Blue, an undergraduate urban studies magazine. [58] Following the end of World War II, the School of International Affairs was founded in 1946, beginning by offering the Master of International Affairs. Columbia Television (CTV) is the nation's second oldest student television station and the home of CTV News, a weekly live news program produced by undergraduate students. Columbia University, major private institution of higher education in New York, New York, U.S. Overview This study abroad program through IFSA allows you to take courses at the King's College London, one of the UK's oldest, largest and most prestigious universities. Located in the heart of London, you can take classes in a variety of subjects, alongside local students. [86][87], Though several schools within the university had admitted women for years, Columbia College first admitted women in the fall of 1983,[88] after a decade of failed negotiations with Barnard College, the all-female institution affiliated with the university, to merge the two schools. The Columbia Daily Spectator began publication during this period as well, in 1877. ", "History Columbia University School of Professional Studies", "COLUMBIA PLANS TO TAKE WOMEN BEGINNING IN '83", Reception honors anniversary of CC coeducation | Columbia Daily Spectator, "Our Partnership with Columbia University | Barnard College", "GSAS at a Glance Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences", National Historic Landmark Nomination: Philosophy Hall, "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Low Memorial Library, Columbia", "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Pupin Physics Laboratories, Columbia UniversityAccompanying photos", New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, "Earl Hall at Columbia University Listed on National Register of Historic Places", "What Is the Mace? For example, in 1814 the New York Legislature responded to the College's appeal for financial assistance by giving the school the Elgin Botanic Garden, a twenty-acre tract of land that had been privately developed as the nation's first botanical garden by physician David Hosack, but which Hosack had closed and resold to the state at a loss. [110] On May 20, 2009, the New York State Public Authorities Control Board approved the Manhanttanville expansion plan. Both President George Washington and Vice President John Adams attended the College's commencement on May 6, 1789, as a tribute of honor to the many alumni of the school that had been instrumental in bringing about the independence of the fledgling United States of America. [55][56][57], Research into the atom by faculty members John R. Dunning, I. I. Rabi, Enrico Fermi and Polykarp Kusch placed Columbia's Physics Department in the international spotlight in the 1940s after the first nuclear pile was built to start what became the Manhattan Project. Eight years later, Columbia crew won the famed Henley Royal Regatta in the first-ever defeat for an English crew rowing in English waters. [8], In 1746 an act was passed by the general assembly of New York to raise a sum of 2,250 by public lottery for the foundation of a new college, despite the fact that the University had neither a founding denomination nor a location for its first campus. program", "Oxford/Cambridge Scholars Program: Academic Year | Undergraduate Global Engagement", "ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities", "Forbes America's Top Colleges List 2022", "Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education College Rankings 2022", "QS World University Rankings 2024: Top global universities", "2022-23 Best Global Universities Rankings", "Columbia University U.S. News Best Grad School Rankings", "Columbia University U.S. News Best Global University Rankings", "U.S. News Unranks Columbia University in 2022 Best Colleges Rankings", "U.S. News Ranked Columbia No. The listing broker's offer of compensation is made only to participants of the MLS where the listing is filed. [15], In 1763, Dr. Johnson was succeeded in the presidency by Myles Cooper, a graduate of The Queen's College, Oxford, and an ardent Tory. [53] While the School of Professional Studies only offered non-degree programs for lifelong learners and high school students in its earliest stages, it now offers degree programs in a diverse range of professional and inter-disciplinary fields. Founded in 1754 as King's College, Columbia University is today an international center of scholarship, with a According to U.S. News & World Report's "202021 Best Hospitals Honor Roll and Medical Specialties Rankings", it is ranked fourth overall and second among university hospitals. [126], Annual gifts, fund-raising, and an increase in spending from the university's endowment have allowed Columbia to extend generous financial aid packages to qualifying students. The magazine is published six times a year. At the same time, university president Seth Low moved the campus again, from 49thStreet to its present location, a more spacious (and, at the time, more rural) campus in the developing neighborhood of Morningside Heights. [71]:6570, On May 21, 1787, William Samuel Johnson, the son of Samuel Johnson, was unanimously elected president of Columbia College. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in New York State. [118], According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Columbia University would have a dominant vegetation type of Appalachian Oak (104) with a dominant vegetation form of Eastern Hardwood Forest (25). [26][29], The curriculum of the college during the beginning of the 19th century was mostly focused on study of the classics. [251], The Columbia University Orchestra was founded by composer Edward MacDowell in 1896, and is the oldest continually operating university orchestra in the United States. [233] The society annually administers the Joyce Kilmer Memorial Bad Poetry Contest. The School introduced an MPA in Environmental Science and Policy in 2001 and, in 2004, SIPA inaugurated its first doctoral program the interdisciplinary Ph.D. in Sustainable Development. [199], Columbia University is home to many fraternities, sororities, and co-educational Greek organizations. On his formal inauguration, King spoke on the duties and responsibilities of the university staff, and espoused the virtues of copying the English university system. The term refers to the long series of granite steps leading from the lower part of campus (South Field) to its upper terrace. In his address to the crowd that had gathered in front of Low Library, Bollinger laid out his vision for Columbia as it entered the twenty-firstcentury. [17] The university also annually administers the Pulitzer Prize. Professor of Engineering and Business & Management. Advocates of New York City met with success on the first point, while the Anglicans prevailed on the latter. [250], Past forum speakers include former president of the United States Bill Clinton, the prime minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee, former president of Ghana John Agyekum Kufuor, president of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai, prime minister of Russia Vladimir Putin, president of the Republic of Mozambique Joaquim Alberto Chissano, president of the Republic of Bolivia Carlos Diego Mesa Gisbert, president of the Republic of Romania Ion Iliescu, president of the Republic of Latvia Vaira Ve-Freiberga, the first female president of Finland Tarja Halonen, President Yudhoyono of Indonesia, President Pervez Musharraf of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Iraq President Jalal Talabani, the 14th Dalai Lama, president of the Islamic Republic of Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, financier George Soros, Mayor of New York City Michael R. Bloomberg, President Vclav Klaus of the Czech Republic, President Cristina Fernndez de Kirchner of Argentina, former Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan, and Al Gore. [176][177][178] The MPEG-2 algorithm of transmitting high quality audio and video over limited bandwidth was developed by Dimitris Anastassiou, a Columbia professor of electrical engineering. The Regents finally became aware of the college's defective constitution in February 1787 and appointed a revision committee, which was headed by John Jay and Alexander Hamilton. The lights remain on until February 28. A book signifying knowledge, balances on her lap, and an owl, the attribute of wisdom, is hidden in the folds of her gown. [231][232], The Philolexian Society is a literary and debating club founded in 1802, making it the oldest student group at Columbia, as well as the third oldest collegiate literary society in the country. The college's library was looted and its sole building requisitioned for use as a military hospital first by American and then British forces. | Scholars@Duke", "ASPPH | Columbia Calling for Nominees: The Frank A. Calderone Prize in Public Health Deadline June 30th", "Headcount Enrollment by School, Race/Ethnicity, and Citizenship, Fall 2020", "Facts and Figures | Columbia Financial Aid and Educational Financing", "Quick Fact: First Generation | Columbia Undergraduate Admissions", Office of Undergraduate Admissions site about Campus Life, "Fraternity and Sorority Life at Columbia", "The Current: a journal of contemporary politics, culture, and Jewish affairs at Columbia University", "No, Not a Curse But a Jersey Prize For Worst Verse", "Square's Jack Dorsey goes recruiting in NYC", "Image is Heavy Burden Weightlifter Karyn Marshall Feels Pressure to Project 'Femininity, Intelligence', Baker Field: Birthplace of Sports Television, "Football Hosts Columbia in Liberty Cup Game on Saturday", "Participants | Columbia University World Leaders Forum", "Columbia University Hamilton Society: About", "Inside the Legal Intrigue at Columbia's Elite, Secret Campus Society", "Holiday Season Ushered In With Tree-Lighting Ceremony", "The Presidents of the United States Biographical Sketches", "The Universities Churning Out The Most Billionaires", "Tribute: The Legacy of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and WRP Staff", "Alumnus, Author of Indian Constitution Honored", "Letters To The Editor; The Interesting Career Of John Jacob Astor Ii. Columbia is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities Very high research activity". [1], Controversy surrounded the founding of the new college in New York, as it was a thoroughly Church of England institution dominated by the influence of Crown officials in its governing body, such as the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Secretary of State for the Colonies. In 1928, ColumbiaPresbyterian Medical Center, the first such center to combine teaching, research, and patient care, was officially opened as a joint project between the medical school and The Presbyterian Hospital. Contents [78][79], There was an evening school called University Extension, which taught night classes, for a fee, to anyone willing to attend. Founded in 1754 as King's College, it was renamed Columbia College when it reopened in 1784 after the American Revolution. The library design is neo-classical in style. A. L. Diamond, Herman Wouk, Greta Gerwig, and Kate McKinnon. Awards are presented near the end of the spring semester, across eight categories to up to ten individuals per category. The suspension continued through the military occupation of New York City by British troops until their departure in 1783. [133], The University Senate was established by the trustees after a university-wide referendum in 1969. Founded in 1893 as a fundraiser for the university's fledgling athletic teams, the Varsity Show now draws together the entire Columbia undergraduate community for a series of performances every April. A troop of students dressed as Continental Army soldiers carry the eponymous log from the sundial to the lounge of John Jay Hall, where it is lit amid the singing of seasonal carols. Mark Zuckerberg later asked Goldberg to join him in Palo Alto to work on Facebook, but Goldberg declined the offer. Central to the master plan for the new campus is the creation of indoor and outdoor spaces that are public, open, and inviting to local residents and blend in seamlessly with the streetscape. The Mischief Maker (1903), written by Edgar Allan Woolf and Cassius Freeborn, premiered at Madison Square Garden in 1906 as Mam'zelle Champagne. Notable Columbia University alumni include: Notable Columbia University faculty include: This page was last edited on 9 July 2023, at 05:44. With a design inspired by the City Beautiful movement, the steps of Low Library provides Columbia University and Barnard College students, faculty, and staff with a comfortable outdoor platform and space for informal gatherings, events, and ceremonies. After his father abandoned the family, Hamilton began working at 11, becoming an accounting clerk in St. Croix. The college turned to the State of New York in order to restore its vitality, promising to make whatever changes to the schools charter the state might demand. Educated in the US", "Gaston Eyskens Dies at Age 82; Led Six Governments in Belgium", "Ashraf Ghani: departing Afghan president who failed to make peace with Taliban", "State Building Challenges in Timor Leste", "U.S. Students yesterday, world leaders tomorrow", "T. V. Soong (Song Ziwen) A Prominent Businessman and Politician in Republic of China", "Charles Swart Dies; South African Was First State President", "Kofi Annan named a Columbia University fellow", "Robinson to take up new Columbia University professorship next week", "Member Profile Search Columbia University", "More billionaires went to Harvard than to Stanford, MIT and Yale combined", "The Columbia University Athletes Who Have Medaled at the Olympics Over the Years", "King's College and the Early Days of Columbia College", "SAMUEL CLOSSY, A. It was opened with the granting of a Royal Charter by King George II in 1754. Some of these remain accessible to the public, while others have been cordoned off. Or should we say, King's College, the pre-Revolution New York school that spawned religious controversy and a few Founding Fathers to boot. They were followed in 2018 by the Forum, and in January 2022, the Columbia Business Schools new facilities, Henry R. Kravis Hall and David Geffen Hall opened. [286] CEO's of top Fortune 500 companies include James P. Gorman of Morgan Stanley,[287] Robert J. Stevens of Lockheed Martin,[288] Philippe Dauman of Viacom,[289] Robert Bakish of Paramount Global,[290][291] Ursula Burns of Xerox,[292] Devin Wenig of EBay,[293] Vikram Pandit of Citigroup,[294] Ralph Izzo of Public Service Enterprise Group,[295][296] Gail Koziara Boudreaux of Anthem,[297] and Frank Blake of The Home Depot. Biologist Martin Chalfie was the first to introduce the use of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in labeling cells in intact organisms. International Our close connections with prestigious law schools, institutions and law firms across the world provide a wealth of opportunities for both staff and students. The market is one of the many operated at different points throughout the city by the non-profit group GrowNYC. [182] Columbia owns many unique research facilities, such as the Columbia Institute for Tele-Information dedicated to telecommunications and the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, which is an astronomical observatory affiliated with NASA. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States. It is one of the Ivy League schools. The King's College ( TKC or simply King's) is a private non-denominational Christian liberal arts college in New York City. Over the past 20 years, graduates of Columbia established over 100 technology companies.[237]. Situated at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering, the lab is a consortium of Columbia University, New York University, and New York City Economic Development Corporation acting to connect companies with universities in new technology research. [152], The university also has several Columbia Global Centers, in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Mumbai, Nairobi, Paris, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, and Tunis.[153]. A Professor Says Its Spot Is Based on False Data", "Columbia Loses Its No. [128] In the fall of 2010, admission to Columbia's undergraduate colleges Columbia College and the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science (also known as SEAS or Columbia Engineering) began accepting the Common Application. Toggle Post Revolutionary War Recovery (17841800) subsection, Post Revolutionary War Recovery (17841800), Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, School of International and Public Affairs, "Thomas Dongan, Catholic Colonial Governor of New York", "Thomas Dongan: Soldier and Statesman: Irish-Catholic Governor of New York 1683-1688", "Farewell, Aristocracy The World Turned Upside Down", "Columbia Is to Get $400 Million in Rockefeller Center Land Sale", Addresses at the Inauguration of Mr. Charles King, Leading American University Producers of PhDs, 18611900, "Columbia Daily Spectator 3 April 1928 Columbia Spectator", "What makes GS different from Columbia's traditional undergraduate colleges? [234] The Columbia Parliamentary Debate Team competes in tournaments around the country as part of the American Parliamentary Debate Association, and hosts both high school and college tournaments on Columbia's campus, as well as public debates on issues affecting the university. Individual colleges and schools were also nationally ranked by U.S. News & World Report for its 2021 edition. The University continued to prosper after its move uptown in 1897. King's College was the name for the institution that was reinstated as Columbia College after the American Revolution. CampusNetwork, an on-campus social networking site called Campus Network that preceded Facebook, was created and popularized by Columbia engineering student Adam Goldberg in 2003. [298] Notable labor organizer and women's educator Louise Leonard McLaren received her degree of Master of Arts from Columbia. Columbia is a long-standing participant of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs Yellow Ribbon Program, allowing eligible veterans to pursue a Columbia undergraduate degree regardless of socioeconomic status for over 70 years. But the announcement in the summer of 1745 that New Jersey, which had only seven years before secured a government separate from New York's and was still considered by New Yorkers to be within its cultural catch basin, was about to found the College of New Jersey, now Princeton University, demanded an immediate response. [43], The building often depicted as emblematic of Columbia is the centerpiece of the Morningside Heights campus, Low Memorial Library. [38], When Charles King became Columbia's president in November 1849, the College was in large amounts of debt, having exceeded their annual expenditure by about $2200 for the past fifteen years. After the College moved to Forty-Ninth Street and Madison Avenue in 1857, Commencement usually took place at the Academy of Music at Fourteenth Street and Irving Place.