The growth in the productivity of services and agricultural inputs is found to be closely linked to the productivity growth of the manufacturing sector and exports of manufacturing (for example, Lee and McKibbin 2013). It makes them bulky and they have a low value per unit despite being expensive to transport in their fresh form. He asked the undergraduate research students at Southern Oregon University to help develop a survey to estimate the impact. Navigating the long shadow of high household debt. According to Perez et al. Different types of export trade support services were also created. need to estimate the total economic impact of the smoke on the Ashland tourism industry became a primary concern of the client. Investors can enter international auction markets for flowers if they satisfy the minimum requirements (which are relatively easy) and sell their products. Global spending on trips has supported a tourism industry that contributes more GDP than that of banking, mining, agriculture, and automotive manufacturing. A number of African countriesEthiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania, among themare attempting to promote a new generation of SEZs, including agribusiness. Too little promotion and unaffordable prices for domestic travellers are an obstacle to the growth of domestic tourism. The lack of awareness among the local people about preserving the potential for tourism development has made it difficult to generate good incomes (Asmelash 2015). More resources are, of course, needed to implement this. Our constraints analysis focuses on three aspects of the investment climate that are relevant to industries without smokestacksinfrastructure, skills, and the regulatory environment. Addressing youth unemployment through industries without smokestacks: A Tunisia case study. The Brookings Institution. As part of the Brookings Africa Growth Initiative and partners work on the job creation potential of IWOSS, I examine country-level constraints to the growth of IWOSS sectors in a recent framing paper. Our prior research shows that many African economies are turning to IWOSS to lead structural change. Signatories hope that more destinations will participate in the coming weeks. 27 September every year is celebrated as World Tourism Day . Moreover, Ethiopia has numerous national parks with a range of wildlife and biodiversity preserved in their natural habitats. In contrast, matured manufactures, which depend on highly codified technologies and low-cost labour, are suffering from a process of commoditization and have been shown to be as vulnerable to downturns as the lower echelons of primary producers, and as being just as likely to suffer decreasing margins (Kaplinsky 1993). All three framing papers set the groundwork for forthcoming country case studies. In recognition of Ethiopias significant comparative advantage in horticultural production and marketing the government in 1998 identified the sector as an option for export diversification through high-value crops. Exports of fruits and vegetables have shown some increases over the last decadefor example, from US$13.4 million in 20078 to US$43.5 million by 201415. Infrastructure deficiencies also constrain the growth of tradable services. We compared the evolution of three tourism variables - tourist arrivals, tourist expenditure, and aver- age length of stay - in a country implementing smoke-free environments (treated country) with the evolution of these variables in the same country if smoke-free legislation had not been implemented. Addressing youth unemployment through industries without smokestacks: A Tunisia case study. The Brookings Institution. Promoting smoke-free tourism helps to . Brazil, Chile, Uruguay). Below are some of the issues that came to our consideration through discussion with the relevant actors in the sector, such as the EHDA. Almost 20 years after the launching by the Pan American Health Organization of its Smoke-Free Americas initiative in 2001, in December 2020, South America became the first subregion in the Americas to accomplish [ABSTRACT]. Tunisia still needs some crucial enablers like political stability, public-private partnerships, and the development of promotional campaigns that further enhance Tunisian. To provide institutional support for the development of the horticulture sector, in 2008 the government established a separate agency, the Ethiopian Horticulture Development Agency (EHDA), which is responsible for promoting, facilitating, coordinating, and supporting investment in flowers and fruits and vegetables. As of April 1, 2023, 66.8 percent of the U.S. population (or more than 212 million people) live in areas that have passed strong smoke-free laws covering restaurants and bars.1 Strong smoke-free restaurant and bar laws are important because: It also destroys our environment, further harming human health, through the tobacco cultivation, production, distribution processes, as well as This might be caused by the large share of Ethiopian Airlines in the tourist and travel receipts of Ethiopia. They will be more likely to survive and thrive. never can be smoke throwing. It argues that other activities sharing the characteristics of manufacturing- including tourism, ICT, and other services as well as food processing and horticulture- are beginning to play a role analogous to that played by manufacturing in East Asia. But tourism industry is not a product industry. Despite technical advances and some surveillance programs, cruising remains a major source of air, water (fresh and marine) and land pollution affecting fragile habitats, areas and species, and a potential source of physical and mental human health risks, according to a recent report by the Marine Pollution Bulletin Journal. Fulfilling these standards requires establishing closed systems for the production of fruits and vegetables, which in turn requires costly technology and know-how. receipts). The production distribution of fruits and vegetables is highly skewed towards a few crops such as red peppers, cabbage, and banana. The government was made aware of the export potential of this sector through the experiments of the private entrepreneurs and their efforts to acquire government support. This is because, first, even with the low-wage advantage, many African countries transition to manufacturing might be limited due to internal factors such as initial conditions (poor infrastructure, human capital, and institutions), geography (many small and/or landlocked countries), and richness in natural resources. Investors in horticulture exports have been granted various incentives, including exemption from customs duties and import tariffs on all capital equipment and up to 15 per cent on spare parts, and an income tax holiday of 15 years. For recent reviews on this, see Szirmai (2012) and Szirmai and Verspagen (2015). This phenomenon mainly concerns women, young people, and graduates (European Training Foundation, 2019). The productivity penalty that African manufacturing firms pay because of poor infrastructure has been extensively documented. From a per capita basis, residents in Mauritius, New Zealand, Germany, and Maldives bear the highest amount of tourism emissions as a result of large travel activities in their country with a relatively small population. In fact, cigarette butts are one of the most littered waste products worldwide. Section 7 concludes with some remarks. However, the success of flower exports has not thus far been replicated in the fruit and vegetables sector, despite huge potential. South America became the first 100% smoke-free subregion in the Americas, Advances in Tobacco Control in the Region of the Americas, 2020. Next read: The Arctics singing whales Our scope includes direct emissions produced by tourism firms, such as hotels, airplanes, or theme parks, and the indirect emissions associated with the upstream suppliers that provide inputs to tourism industries. Our findings provide strong evidence that public policies banning smoking in public places do not affect hospitality and tourism businesses. The major sectors, including agriculture, industry, and services have also shown unprecedented growth over the same period. We used a synthetic control method to recreate this counterfactual scenario by constructing a synthetic country using a weighted average of several donor-pool CARICOM countries that did not introduce legislation on smoke-free environ- ments during the period analyzed. Signatories are expected to hold each other accountable and set common standards throughout international supply chains. How the coil springs look like as you move it back and forth.? Moreover, the country is improving existing and establishing new accommodation for tourism. But this is still small in contrast not only to the countrys potential, but also to neighbouring Kenyas exports. Skills. Australia, Canada, Scandinavia, the United States) and non-OECD countries (e.g. They can ease the foreign exchange strains that manufacturing firms face when importing machinery and industrial inputs. As per the CSA (2015) survey report, the total area under fruit and vegetable cultivation (by both smallholders and commercial farms) in 201415 was respectively 146,776 and 98,275 hectares.2 The respective yield for these crops during this years Meher season3 was estimated at about 6.84 million quintals and 8.10 million quintals. Moreover, the Walled city of Harar made the country one of the four ancient Islamic cities in the world. Travel is an activity enjoyed and loved by many people globally. Moreover, as Ethiopia is landlocked, the cost of using marine transportation to export fruit and vegetables is high (given the perishability and the long time required to transport the exports via Djibouti ports). Using the new brand name, and as outlined in the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP), the MOCT should actively promote the country using different media and other outlets. Some features of this site may not work without it. Excessive heat and wildfires could disrupt the booming outdoor travel industry, as travelers now have to take a hotter and longer fire season into account. These and many others warrant further research. Aviation alone represents around 17 percent of total travel carbon emissions. The other valuable resource of the country is its people. Air travel is the major means of transportation for international tourists to Ethiopia. Accordingly, export-oriented sectors were designated to lead industrial development and be given preferential treatment. The second reason is that floriculture is a specific activity, while the BMEI consists of highly diversified industries, making it difficult to come up with an effective industry action plan. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Abstract. Especially, a popular mindset exists believing that tourism is a "smoke-free industry" and pursuing tourist number and consumption is determined as a high priority for many countries. In contrast, the industrial sector contribution to GDP growth remained small at only 16.3 per cent. Despite great potential for tourism, with its diverse cultural and natural resources, Africas share of worldwide tourism remains below 5 per cent in arrivals and 3 per cent in worldwide tourism receipts. Thus tourism could offer a substantial contribution to the overall economy by creating opportunities for local communities to sell goods and services directly or indirectly. Moreover, Ethiopias tourism sector benefits immensely from the expansion of infrastructure being undertaken in the country, including the construction of roads, airports, hotels, and communication networks. As thousands of scientists, government officials and business leaders met in Glasgow over the past two weeks for the pivotal United Nations climate conference, hundreds of members of the trillion-dollar tourism industry came together and made the first commitment toward a shared road map to cut carbon emissions in half by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050. Perez, C., A. Marin, and L. Navas-Aleman (, United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (. The implication is that the government needs to give more attention to these sectors as part of not only export promotion but also industrialization. See the working paper version for more on this discussion. As per the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) 2015 annual report, the respective shares of the services and agriculture sectors to GDP in 201415 was 46.6 per cent and 38.8 per cent. Investment promotion and marketing departments also have teams that work for both sectors. While the Glasgow Declaration has garnered great momentum and established common objectives, challenges lie ahead, especially when it comes to setting a global standard for reporting emissions figures for such a wide range of sectors within the industry, from tour operators to destinations, and airlines to cruise ships. The latter are often excluded from the labor market due to a mismatch of skills required to enter the job market, despite their acquisition of qualifications and degrees. This council is chaired by the prime minster and is composed of council members including all the minsters, regional leaders, and tourism bureaux of each region state, Ethiopian Airlines, the Ethiopian Chamber of Commerce and Sectoral Associations, hotels and restaurants, and other sector representatives. Travel agencies product is tour & to make a tour. The rest of this chapter is organized as follows. Structural change is taking place in Africa, but export-led manufacturing is playing a much smaller role than it did in East Asia, and servicessome with quite low productivitynow absorb the bulk of African workers leaving agriculture and moving to cities.

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